Outline of thought

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking):

Thought (also called thinking) - the mental process in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world. Thinking is manipulating information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions. Thought, the act of thinking, produces thoughts. A thought may be an idea, an image, a sound or even an emotional feeling that arises from the brain.

Video Outline of thought

Nature of thought

Thought (or thinking) can be described as all of the following:

• An activity taking place in a:
  • brain - organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals (only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain). It is the physical structure associated with the mind.
    • mind - abstract entity with the cognitive faculties of consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, and memory. Having a mind is a characteristic of living creatures. Activities taking place in a mind are called mental processes or cognitive functions.
  • computer (see § Machine thought below) - general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations (an algorithm) can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.
• An activity of intelligence - intelligence is the intellectual prowess of which is marked by cognition, motivation, and self-awareness. Through intelligence, living creatures possess the cognitive abilities to learn, form concepts, understand, apply logic, and reason, including the capacities to recognize patterns, comprehend ideas, plan, problem solve, make decisions, retaining, and use language to communicate. Intelligence enables living creatures to experience and think.
  • A type of mental process - something that individuals can do with their minds. Mental processes include perception, memory, thinking, volition, and emotion. Sometimes the term cognitive function is used instead.
• Thought as a biological adaptation mechanism

Maps Outline of thought

Types of thoughts

Content of thoughts

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Types of thought (thinking)

Listed below are types of thought, also known as thinking processes.

Animal thought

Human thought

Human thought

Classifications of thought

• Bloom's taxonomy
• Dual process theory
• Fluid and crystallized intelligence
• Higher-order thinking
• Theory of multiple intelligences
• Three-stratum theory
• Williams' taxonomy

Creative processes

Decision-making

Erroneous thinking

Emotional intelligence (emotionally based thinking)

Emotional intelligence

Problem solving

Problem solving

Reasoning

Reasoning

Machine thought

Organizational thought

Organizational thought (thinking by organizations)

• Management information system
• Organizational communication
• Organizational planning
  • Strategic planning
• Strategic thinking
• Systems thinking

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Aspects of the thinker

Aspects of the thinker which may affect (help or hamper) his or her thinking:

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Properties of thought

Fields that study thought

Thought tools and thought research

• Cognitive model
• Design tool
• Diagram
  • Argument map
  • Concept map
  • Mind map
• DSRP
• Intelligence amplification
• Language
• Meditation
• Six Thinking Hats
• Synectics

History of thinking

History of reasoning

• History of artificial intelligence
• History of cognitive science
• History of creativity
• History of ideas
• History of logic
• History of psychometrics

Nootropics (cognitive enhancers and smart drugs)

Nootropic

Substances that improve mental performance:

Organizational thinking concepts

Teaching methods and skills

Awards related to thinking

Awards for acts of genius

• Nobel Prize
• Pulitzer Prize
• MacArthur Fellowship

Organizations

• Associations pertaining to thought
  • Association for Automated Reasoning
  • Association for Informal Logic and Critical Thinking
  • International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning
• High IQ societies
  • Mega Society
  • Mensa
• Mind Sports Organisations
  • World Mind Sports Games
• Think tanks

Media

Publications

Books

• Handbook of Automated Reasoning

Periodicals

• Journal of Automated Reasoning
• Journal of Formalized Reasoning
• Positive Thinking Magazine

Television programs

• Thinkabout (U.S. TV series)

Persons associated with thinking

People notable for their extraordinary ability to think

• Geniuses
  • List of MacArthur Fellows
  • List of Nobel laureates (see also Nobel Prize)
• Polymaths

Scientists in fields that study thought

• List of cognitive scientists

Scholars of thinking

• Aaron T. Beck
• Edward de Bono
• David D. Burns - author of Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy and The Feeling Good Handbook. Burns popularized Aaron T. Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) when his book became a best seller during the 1980s.
• Tony Buzan
• Noam Chomsky
• Albert Ellis
• Howard Gardner
• Eliyahu M. Goldratt
• Douglas Hofstadter
• Ray Kurzweil
• Marvin Minsky
• Steven Pinker
• Baruch Spinoza
• Robert Sternberg

Related concepts

• Cognition
• Knowledge
• Multiple intelligences
• Strategy
• Structure
• System

Awareness and perception

Learning and memory

See also

• Artificial intelligence
  • Outline of artificial intelligence
• Human intelligence
  • Outline of human intelligence
• Neuroscience
  • Outline of neuroscience
• Psychology
  • Gestalt psychology (theory of mind)
  • Outline of psychology

Miscellaneous

Thinking

Lists

References

External links

• The Psychology of Emotions, Feelings and Thoughts, Free Online Book

Source of the article : Wikipedia